How to configure Test RAID 0 on Debian 11.3
- 00:04 lsb_release -a
- 00:16 lsblk
- 00:32 apt-get install mdadm
- 01:13 sudo mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]
- 01:40 sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
- 02:50 sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
- 03:51 sudo mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]
- 04:16 sudo mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
- 04:57 sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
- 05:12 sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
- 05:39 mkdir raid
- 05:49 mount /dev/md0 raid/
- 06:08 vim /etc/fstab
- 07:10 df -h
- 07:23 cd raid/
- 07:30 touch x y z
- 07:44 mkdir XX YY ZZ
- 07:53 ls -la
- 08:18 sudo umount raid/
- 08:32 sudo mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb1
- 09:09 nano /etc/fstab
- 09:27 init 6
- 09:35 cd raid/
- 09:41 ls -la
To configure and test RAID 0 on Debian 11.3
Introduction:
RAID 0 creates striping to increase read/write speeds as data on separate disks can be read and written simultaneously. In order to increase disk access speed, you should use this level of RAID.
Installation Procedure:
Step1: Check the version of the Debian 11.3 by using the below command
root@LinuxHelp: ~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye
Now list the disk by executing the following command
Step2: Now list the disk by executing the following command
root@linuxhelp: ~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 59G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 975M 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 3.6G 0 rom
Step3: Install Prerequisites by using the below command:
root@linuxhelp:~# apt-get install mdadm
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light gsasl-common libgnutls-dane0
libgnutls30 libgsasl7 libmailutils7 libntlm0 mailutils mailutils-common
Suggested packages:
exim4-doc-html | exim4-doc-info eximon4 spf-tools-perl swaks gnutls-bin
mailutils-mh mailutils-doc dracut-core
The following NEW packages will be installed:
exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light gsasl-common libgnutls-dane0
libgsasl7 libmailutils7 libntlm0 mailutils mailutils-common mdadm
The following packages will be upgraded:
libgnutls30
1 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 66 not upgraded.
Need to get 5,671 kB/7,012 kB of archives.
After this operation, 12.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 mdadm amd64 4.1-11 [457 k B]
Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security/main amd64 li bgnutls-dane0 amd64 3.7.1-5+deb11u2 [395 kB]
Step4: Check the disk whether there is already raid is configured or not by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# sudo mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdb.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc.
Step5: Now create a partition by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x70697ae9.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Step6: Now follow the steps to create another partition by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5cbc5163.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Step7: Verify the changes on both drives using the same mdadm command:
root@linuxhelp:~# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]
/dev/sdb:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 2097152 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
/dev/sdc:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 2097152 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Step8: Create RAID by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~#sudo mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
Step9: Now format the raid in ext4 format by executing the below command
root@linuxhelp:~#sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
Creating filesystem with 523264 4k blocks and 130816 inodes
Filesystem UUID: e679f0af-2d22-4bca-95e4-5822bfbe211d
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
Step10: Now list the RAID details by enter the below command
root@linuxhelp:~#sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Sep 3 23:15:58 2022
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 2093056 (2044.00 MiB 2143.29 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Sep 3 23:15:58 2022
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : -unknown-
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : none
Name : linuxhelp:0 (local to host linuxhelp)
UUID : c5f66406:6ef1fa24:d0a80cc8:b4ce4fe2
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
Step11 :Now create the directory for mount the raid to the drive by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# mkdir raid
Step12 :Now mount the raid to the directory by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# mount /dev/md0 raid/
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1472156k,nr_inodes=368039,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=299024k,mode=755 0 0
/dev/sda1 / ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
securityfs /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0
/dev/md0 /root/raid ext4 rw,relatime,stripe=256 0 0
Step13 :Add the line for permanent mounting by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/md0 /root/raid ext4 rw,relatime,stripe=256 0 0
Now list the drive by executing the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev
tmpfs 293M 1.5M 291M 1% /run
/dev/sda1 58G 7.2G 48G 13% /
tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 293M 104K 292M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/md0 2.0G 24K 1.9G 1% /root/raid
Step14: Now enter into the raid directory and add some files on the directory by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~# cd raid/
root@linuxhelp:~/raid# touch x y z
root@linuxhelp:~/raid# mkdir XX YY ZZ
root@linuxhelp:~/raid# ls -la
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:20 .
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:19 ..
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Sep 3 23:16 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 3 23:19 x
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:20 xx
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 3 23:19 y
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:20 yy
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 3 23:19 z
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:20 zz
Step15: Unmount the directory and test the RAID 0 by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~#sudo umount raid/
Step16: Now I am failing the sdb1 partition by using the below command
root@linuxhelp:~#sudo mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set device faulty failed for /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy
Step17: Now command the mounting from the fstab file by executing the below command
root@linuxhelp:~#vim /etc/fstab
Step18: Restart my distro by executing the following command
root@linuxhelp:~# init 6
Step19: After the system is restarted then I am enter into the raid directory and list the directory all the data’s from the raid is corrupted
root@linuxhelp:~# cd raid/
root@linuxhelp:~/raid# ls -la
rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:16 .
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Sep 3 23:24 ..
Conclusion:
By this to configure and Test RAID 0 on Debian 11.3 has come to an end.
Comments ( 0 )
No comments available