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How to setup a ip based Virtual host on linuxmint 18.3

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To set up an IP based Virtual host on linuxmint 18.3

Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names on a single server. The are two types of virtual hosting: “ Name-based virtual hosting” and “ IP-based virtual hosting.” IP-based virtual hosting is a technique to apply different directives based on the IP address and port a request is received on. You can assign a separate IP for each domain on a single server using IP-based virtual hosting. Mostly this is used to host different websites on different ports or IP' s

Requirements

  • Linuxmint 18.3 with apache installed
  • Two Ipaddress
  • Three Domain names

setup network

To setup IP-based virtual hosting, you must have more than one IP address assigned to your Linux machine

To do this, you need to edit the “ /etc/network/interfaces” file.

linuxhelp ~ # nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto ens33
iface ens33 inet static
address 192.168.7.234
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.7.1
dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8

auto ens33:1
iface ens33:1 inet static
address 192.168.7.233
netmask 255.255.255.0

Save and close the file then restart network service to make these changes take effect

linuxhelp ~ # /etc/init.d/networking restart
[ ok ] Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.service.

By default, Apache listens on port 80. For port-based virtual hosting, you need to tell Apache to listen to IP “ 192.168.7.234” and “ 192.168.7.233” on port 80 and IP “ 192.168.7.233” on port 8080
To setup multiple ports, you need to edit “ /etc/apache2/ports.conf” 

linuxhelp ~ # nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf
Listen 80

< IfModule ssl_module> 
        Listen 443
< /IfModule> 

< IfModule mod_gnutls.c> 
        Listen 443
< /IfModule> 

Listen 192.168.7.234:80
Listen 192.168.7.233:80
Listen 192.168.7.233:8080

Save and close the file, then restart Apache to make these changes take effect.

linuxhelp ~ # /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[ ok ] Restarting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service.

Create three directories for websites “ www.ipvhost1.com” , “ www.ipvhost2.com” and “ www.portvhost.com” under Apache default Document Root directory

linuxhelp ~ # mkdir -p /var/www/html/www.ipvhost1.com
linuxhelp ~ # mkdir -p /var/www/html/www.ipvhost2.com
linuxhelp ~ # mkdir -p /var/www/html/www.portvhost.com

Create an “ index.html” file for each website that identifies specific IPs and Port.
Create an index.html file for “ www.ipvhost1.com” virtual host

linuxhelp ~ # nano  /var/www/html/www.ipvhost1.com/index.html

< html> 
< head> 
< title> www.ipvhost1.com< /title> 
< /head> 
< body> 
< h1> The ipvhost1.com ip virtual host is working!< /h1> 
< /body> 
< /html>

Save and close the file when you are finished. Create an “ index.html” file for “ www.ipvhost2.com” virtual host

linuxhelp ~ # nano  /var/www/html/www.ipvhost2.com/index.html

< html> 
< head> 
< title> www.ipvhost2.com< /title> 
< /head> 
< body> 
< h1> The ipvhost2.com ip virtual host is working!< /h1> 
< /body> 
< /html>

Save and close the file when you are finished.Create an “ index.html” file for “ www.portvhost.com” virtual host

linuxhelp ~ # nano  /var/www/html/www.portvhost.com/index.html
< html> 
< head> 
< title> www.portvhost.com< /title> 
< /head> 
< body> 
< h1> The portvhost.com port virtual host is working!< /h1> 
< /body> 
< /html>

Save and close the file when you are finished

By default, Apache service runs as a “ www-data” user in Ubuntu. You must change the ownership of these three virtual directories to “ www-data” so that Apache can read and write data

linuxhelp ~ # chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/www.ipvhost1.com
linuxhelp ~ # chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/www.ipvhost2.com
linuxhelp ~ # chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/www.portvhost.com

Also, you need to make sure the Apache web root (/var/www/html) directory is readable so that everyone can read files from it.

linuxhelp ~ # chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

Create Virtual Host files

By default, Apache comes with a default virtual host file called “ 000-default.conf” . You need to disable this virtual host file first.To do this, run the following command.

linuxhelp ~ # a2dissite 000-default.conf
Site 000-default disabled.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  service apache2 reload

The next step is to create a virtual host configuration file for each website. The name of each configuration file must end with “ .conf” . Create a virtual host file for website “ www.ipvhost1.com” 

linuxhelp ~ # nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/www.ipvhost1.com.conf
< VirtualHost 192.168.7.234:80> 
ServerAdmin admin@ipvhost1.com
ServerName  www.ipvhost1.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/www.ipvhost1.com

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.ipvhost1.com_error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.ipvhost1.com_access.log combined

< /VirtualHost>

Save and close the file. Create a virtual host file for website “ www.ipvhost2.com” 

linuxhelp ~ # nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/www.ipvhost2.com.conf
< VirtualHost 192.168.7.233:80> 

ServerAdmin admin@ipvhost2.com
ServerName  www.ipvhost2.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/www.ipvhost2.com

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.ipvhost2.com_error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.ipvhost2.com_access.log combined

< /VirtualHost>

Save and close the file. Create a virtual host file for website “ www.portvhost.com” .

linuxhelp ~ # nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/www.portvhost.com.conf
< VirtualHost 192.168.7.233:8080> 

ServerAdmin admin@portvhost.com
ServerName  www.portvhost.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/www.portvhost.com

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.portvhost.com_error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.portvhost.com_access.log combined

< /VirtualHost>

Save and close the file. After creating the virtual host files, you need to enable the virtual hosts.
You can do this by running.

linuxhelp ~ # a2ensite www.ipvhost1.com.conf
Enabling site www.ipvhost1.com.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  service apache2 reload
linuxhelp ~ # a2ensite www.ipvhost2.com.conf
Enabling site www.ipvhost2.com.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  service apache2 reload
linuxhelp ~ # a2ensite www.portvhost.com.conf
Enabling site www.portvhost.com.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  service apache2 reload

Finally, restart the Apache service.

linuxhelp ~ # /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[ ok ] Restarting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service.

Testing Virtual Hosts

Now, it’ s time to test the IP Virtual host. On a computer, open your web browser and navigate to URLs “ http://192.168.7.234:80” and “ http://192.168.1.233:80” . You should see sample demo pages for IP-based virtual hosting that look like this:
vhost_1


vhost_2
Similarly, to test Port Virtualhost, open your web browser and navigate to URL “ http://192.168.7.233:8080” . You should see a sample demo page for Port-based virtual hosting that looks like this:
ip_call

with this, the method to set up an IP based Virtual host on linuxmint 18.3 comes to an end.

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Frequently asked questions ( 5 )

Q

What is IP-based Virtual hosting in web server?

A

IP-based hosting is a technique that can be used when providing virtual web hosting services. Each website that is hosted on a single machine is given its own separate public IP address. The

Q

what circumstances is name-based web hosting is possible?

A

Name-based web hosting is generally possible for web sites that do not have any special security requirements. For example, name-based hosting would be appropriate for personal web sites or s

Q

What is the system requirement for making the "IP-based" virtual hosting?

A

As the term IP-based indicates, the server must have a different IP address/port combination for each IP-based virtual host. This can be achieved by the machine having several physical network connections, or by use of virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern operating systems (see system documentation for details, these are frequently called "IP aliases", and the "ifconfig" command is most commonly used to set them up), and/or using multiple port numbers.

In the terminology of Apache HTTP Server, using a single IP address but multiple TCP ports is also IP-based virtual hosting.

Q

How to check the configuration of Virtual hosting?

A

For using the following command to check the configuration of Virtual hosting on the server. For syntax: "httpd -t"

Q

How to check my IP address in Linux?

A

For checking the IP address on you Linux system, run the command on the terminal. For syntax: "ifconfig" (or) "ip a".

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