How To Install R (R Studio) on Ubuntu 18.04.
To Install R on Ubuntu 18.04.
R is a popular open source programming language, often use for graphical and statistical computing. It is supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing and mainly used by statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and performing data analysis.
Installation.
Use the Following command to update the repository files.
root@linuxhelp:~# apt-get update
Hit:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_10.x bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [83.2 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [204 B]
Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
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Get:21 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [176 kB]
Get:22 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [308 kB]
Get:23 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
Get:24 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5,100 B]
Fetched 3,745 kB in 9s (407 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Add R repository from their official repository source
root@linuxhelp:~#add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/'
Hit:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Hit:3 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_10.x bionic InRelease
Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Hit:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
Get:6 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ InRelease [3,609 B]
Err:6 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ InRelease
The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 51716619E084DAB9
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 51716619E084DAB9
E: The repository 'https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can use the following command to install the R packages.
root@linuxhelp:~# apt install r-base
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libpython-stdlib python python-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal
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Setting up dh-strip-nondeterminism (0.040-1.1~build1) ...
Setting up libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 (1.7.2-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up debhelper (11.1.6ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64 (1.0.3+git161113-4) ...
Setting up dh-translations (138.18.04.0) ...
Setting up cdbs (0.4.156ubuntu4) ...
Setting up r-base-dev (3.4.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
To verify the version of the R use the Following command
root@linuxhelp:~# R --version
R version 3.4.4 (2018-03-15) -- "Someone to Lean On"
Copyright (C) 2018 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the
GNU General Public License versions 2 or 3.
For more information about these matters see
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
Here you can see the version of the R language
Here you can see the R language on applications list
Q
What is the significance of transpose in R language?
A
Transpose t () is the easiest method for reshaping the data before analysis.
Q
How many data structures does R language have?
A
R language has Homogeneous and Heterogeneous data structures. Homogeneous data structures have same type of objects – Vector, Matrix ad Array. Heterogeneous data structures have different type of objects – Data frames and lists.
Q
What is the best way to communicate the results of data analysis using R language?
A
The best possible way to do this is combine the data, code and analysis results in a single document using knitr for reproducible research. This helps others to verify the findings, add to them and engage in discussions. Reproducible research makes it easy to redo the experiments by inserting new data and applying it to a different problem.
Q
Explain about data import in R language
A
R Commander is used to import data in R language. To start the R commander GUI, the user must type in the command Rcmdr into the console. There are 3 different ways in which data can be imported in R language-
• Users can select the data set in the dialog box or enter the name of the data set (if they know).
• Data can also be entered directly using the editor of R Commander via Data->New Data Set. However, this works well when the data set is not too large.
• Data can also be imported from a URL or from a plain text file (ASCII), from any other statistical package or from the clipboard.
• Users can select the data set in the dialog box or enter the name of the data set (if they know).
• Data can also be entered directly using the editor of R Commander via Data->New Data Set. However, this works well when the data set is not too large.
• Data can also be imported from a URL or from a plain text file (ASCII), from any other statistical package or from the clipboard.
Selection Sort
Quick Sort
Bubble Sort
Merge Sort