How to install Craft CMS on Debian 12

Step 11 : Check the PHP version by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ php -v
PHP 8.2.18 (cli) (built: Apr 11 2024 22:07:45) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.18, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.18, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Step 12 : Edit the php.ini file by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo vim /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 128M
upload_max_filesize = 128M

Step 13 : Restart the php-fpm by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 14 : Download and install the composer by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
All settings correct for using Composer
Downloading...

Composer (version 2.7.6) successfully installed to: /home/craftcms/composer.phar
Use it: php composer.phar

Step 15 : Move the Composer file to the users binary location by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Step 16 : Check the Composer version by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ composer --version
Composer version 2.7.6 2024-05-04 23:03:15
PHP version 8.2.18 (/usr/bin/php8.2)
Run the "diagnose" command to get more detailed diagnostics output.

Step 17 : Install the MariaDB server and client by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
[sudo] password for craftcms:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libc-ares2 libgrpc++1.51 libgrpc29 libprotoc32 libre2-9
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libmariadb3 mariadb-backup mariadb-client-core mariadb-common mariadb-plugin-connect mariadb-plugin-cracklib-password-check mariadb-plugin-gssapi-client mariadb-plugin-gssapi-server
  mariadb-plugin-hashicorp-key-management mariadb-plugin-mroonga mariadb-plugin-oqgraph mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4 mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma
  mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy mariadb-plugin-rocksdb mariadb-plugin-s3 mariadb-plugin-spider mariadb-server-10.5 mariadb-server-core mariadb-test mariadb-test-data
Suggested packages:
  mailx netcat-openbsd
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libmariadb3 mariadb-backup mariadb-client mariadb-client-core mariadb-common mariadb-plugin-connect mariadb-plugin-cracklib-password-check mariadb-plugin-gssapi-client
  mariadb-plugin-gssapi-server mariadb-plugin-hashicorp-key-management mariadb-plugin-mroonga mariadb-plugin-oqgraph mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4
  mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy mariadb-plugin-rocksdb mariadb-plugin-s3 mariadb-plugin-spider mariadb-server mariadb-server-10.5
  mariadb-server-core mariadb-test mariadb-test-data
25 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 106 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/58.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 1,118 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Reading changelogs... Done
Preconfiguring packages ...
Setting up mariadb-test-data (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up libmariadb3:amd64 (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-server-core (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-client-core (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-backup (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-client (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-server (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-cracklib-password-check (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-test (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-mroonga (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-oqgraph (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-hashicorp-key-management (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-gssapi-client (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-connect (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-rocksdb (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-gssapi-server (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4 (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-s3 (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-spider (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up mariadb-server-10.5 (1:10.11.6-0+deb12u1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.36-9+deb12u3) ...

Step 18 : Check Status of MariaDB by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.6 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-05-08 13:57:03 IST; 1min 3s ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
    Process: 20618 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 20619 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 20621 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_P>
    Process: 20766 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 20768 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 20698 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 39 (limit: 3408)
     Memory: 238.6M
        CPU: 1.558s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─20698 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

May 08 13:57:03 linuxhelp mariadbd[20698]: 2024-05-08 13:57:03 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
May 08 13:57:03 linuxhelp mariadbd[20698]: 2024-05-08 13:57:03 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mariadbd: ready for connections.
May 08 13:57:03 linuxhelp mariadbd[20698]: Version: '10.11.6-MariaDB-0+deb12u1'  socket: '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  Debian 12
May 08 13:57:03 linuxhelp systemd[1]: Started mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.6 database server.
May 08 13:57:03 linuxhelp /etc/mysql/debian-start[20781]: Checking for insecure root accounts.

Step 19 : Login to the MySQL by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 60
Server version: 10.11.6-MariaDB-0+deb12u1 Debian 12

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

Step 20 : Create Database by using the below command.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE craftcms;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)

Step 21 : Create User by using the below command.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'craft'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Craft@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.043 sec)

Step 22 : Make Grant Privileges to the user by using the below command.

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON craftcms.* TO 'craft'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Craft@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.007 sec)

Step 23 : Refresh the changes by using the below command.

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

Step 24 : Exit from MySQL by using the below command.

MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT
Bye

Step 25 : Create the DocumentRoot Directory by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo mkdir /var/www/craftcms

Step 26 : Change the Ownership for Document Root by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ sudo chown -R craftcms:craftcms /var/www/craftcms

Step 27 : Go to the Location by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:~$ cd /var/www/craftcms

Step 28 : Download and Setup Latest version of Craft CMS with required details by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:/var/www/craftcms$ composer create-project craftcms/craft .
Creating a "craftcms/craft" project at "./"
Installing craftcms/craft (5.0.1)
  - Downloading craftcms/craft (5.0.1)
  - Installing craftcms/craft (5.0.1): Extracting archive
Created project in /var/www/craftcms/.
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies
Lock file operations: 108 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
  - Locking bacon/bacon-qr-code (2.0.8)
  - Locking brick/math (0.12.1)
  - Locking cebe/markdown (1.2.1)
  - Locking commerceguys/addressing (v2.2.0)
  - Locking composer/semver (3.4.0)
34 package suggestions were added by new dependencies, use `composer suggest` to see details.
Generating optimized autoload files
61 packages you are using are looking for funding.
Use the `composer fund` command to find out more!
No security vulnerability advisories found.
> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example.dev', '.env');"
> @php -r "unlink('composer.json');"
> @php -r "rename('composer.json.default', 'composer.json');"
Generating optimized autoload files
Generated optimized autoload files containing 5444 classes
> @php craft setup/welcome

   ______ .______          ___       _______ .___________.
  /      ||   _  \        /   \     |   ____||           |
 |  ,----'|  |_)  |      /  ^  \    |  |__   `---|  |----`
 |  |     |      /      /  /_\  \   |   __|      |  |
 |  `----.|  |\  \----./  _____  \  |  |         |  |
  \______|| _| `._____/__/     \__\ |__|         |__|

     A       N   E   W       I   N   S   T   A   L   L
               ______ .___  ___.      _______.
              /      ||   \/   |     /       |
             |  ,----'|  \  /  |    |   (----`
             |  |     |  |\/|  |     \   \
             |  `----.|  |  |  | .----)   |
              \______||__|  |__| |_______/


Generating an application ID ... done (CraftCMS--fccac351-720a-4d5f-ad45-1c5a3698a6bf)
Generating a security key ... done (3FGM4NzPy8i9Z2U9N65faYCxzD4_vvvh)


Welcome to Craft CMS!

Are you ready to begin the setup? (yes|no) [no]:yes
Are you ready to begin the setup? (yes|no) [no]:yes
Which database driver are you using? (mysql or pgsql) [mysql]
Database server name or IP address: [127.0.0.1]
Database port: [3306]
Database username: [root] craft
Database password:
Database name: craftcms
Database table prefix:
Testing database credentials ... success!
Saving database credentials to your .env file ... done

Install Craft now? (yes|no) [yes]:

Username: [admin] admin
Email: admin@linuxhelp1.com
Password:
Confirm:
Site name: linuxhelp1.com
Site URL: http://linuxhelp1.com
Site language: [en-US]
*** installing Craft
    > create table {{%addresses}} ... done (time: 0.024s)
    > create table {{%announcements}} ... done (time: 0.007s)
    > create table {{%assetindexdata}} ... done (time: 0.004s)
    > add foreign key fk_zygtxdoohkullpbtjtrgdcvpjusyxvaazynu: {{%userpermissions_users}} (userId) references {{%users}} (id) ... done (time: 0.015s)
    > add foreign key fk_uhrnobdqtpddqxdjlmfprekpxobqifiocxwr: {{%userpreferences}} (userId) references {{%users}} (id) ... done (time: 0.011s)
    > add foreign key fk_jwyllnysfakkqebusrosnlqjfargbdkfzgbc: {{%users}} (id) references {{%elements}} (id) ... done (time: 0.024s)
    > add foreign key fk_nsxazsbgbnbovknfsjvfuaiiadmuehvopnby: {{%users}} (photoId) references {{%assets}} (id) ... done (time: 0.033s)
    > add foreign key fk_nsvmbzkvjvbxxornxqdbahwyahzwbvqkjcbz: {{%volumefolders}} (parentId) references {{%volumefolders}} (id) ... done (time: 0.019s)
    > add foreign key fk_dmgfoyxayynpgdhqxubseektsiapwmktchkh: {{%volumefolders}} (volumeId) references {{%volumes}} (id) ... done (time: 0.022s)
    > add foreign key fk_xrrzbdhpzsqfkbpxbsseknwabyyggeyuurzg: {{%volumes}} (fieldLayoutId) references {{%fieldlayouts}} (id) ... done (time: 0.019s)
    > add foreign key fk_hngdbofkysddansluhktswdpttvolxqsmjrq: {{%webauthn}} (userId) references {{%users}} (id) ... done (time: 0.011s)
    > add foreign key fk_ewjxunaduhpvyhxcqugjsdosqmmuwulqqyzr: {{%widgets}} (userId) references {{%users}} (id) ... done (time: 0.476s)
    > populating the info table ... done
    > saving default site data ... done
    > saving the first user ... done
*** installed Craft successfully (time: 4.600s)

Generating project config files from the loaded project config ... done

Step 29 : Change the Ownership for Document Root by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:/var/www/craftcms$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/craftcms
[sudo] password for craftcms:

Step 30 : Create a New virtual host with required domains by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:/var/www/craftcms$ sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/craftcms.conf

Step 31 : Restart the Nginx by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:/var/www/craftcms$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

Step 32 : Make the Host entry by using the below command.

craftcms@linuxhelp:/var/www/craftcms$ sudo vim /etc/hosts

Step 33 : Go to the Browser and Search the Domain as shown in below image. Step 34 : The Welcome Page will be shown as shown in below image. Step 35 : Again Search the Domain with /admin for the Admin Login page as shown in below image. Step 36 : Login to the Admin by using admin credentials as shown in below image. Step 37 : The Admin Dashboard Will be shown as shown in below image.

Conclusion:

We have reached the end of this article. In this guide, we have walked you through the steps required to install Craft CMS on Debian 12. Your feedback is much welcome.